The Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions that cause global warming, 25% of CO2 emissions come from cars, trucks and buses, 35% comes from Deforestation and Forest, 40% comes from Polluting Industries.

Climate change has been identified as one of the biggest environmental threats, social and economic conditions that the planet and humanity face today. The average temperature of Earth's surface has risen by 0.74 ° C since the late 1800s. It is expected to increase between 1.8 º C to 4 ° C by the year 2100, which implies drastic climate change if no action is taken immediately.

Even if there is only minimal expected increase, this will be superior to any temperature rise registered in the past 10,000 years. The current trend of global warming may cause extinction of many plant and animal species, already weakened by pollution and loss of habitats, should not survive the next hundred years. Humans, though not face the same threats will be subject to the adversities.Severe weather events such as storms, floods and droughts, for example, are becoming more frequent lately, indicating that the scenarios provided by the experts are increasingly a reality, hurricanes have increased greatly, especially in the United States of America (USA).

It was from the 1980s that issues relating to climate change, global warming and greenhouse effect began to occupy a prominent place on the list of environmental threats that most endanger the integrity of the planet. And since then, every year more and more scientific evidence indicates that strong are the human activities (so-called anthropogenic), from the production model of production in place, one of the most decisive factors for the worsening of these threats, we must make something that minimize these catastrophic effects on our planet, since that is our home.

Several gases that exist naturally in the atmosphere when issued in excess intensify the greenhouse effect, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which today are those who contributed most to the increase of the problem.

Due to the increased concentration of these gases, the greenhouse effect is getting worse and bringing the increase in global average temperature. The average surface temperature has increased by 0.6 º C in the twentieth century. It is likely that, in overall levels, the 1990s was the warmest year and 1998 the warmest decade since 1861, when temperature measurements began by instrumentation.

Drastic consequences are expected with this warming as melting ice caps, raising the average level of the oceans, spread of tropical diseases, migration and extinction of biodiversity, etc. Some of these consequences, such as melting icecaps and raising the average level of the oceans, can already be observed.

Because of evidence of global warming, concern about the climate has become more important from the 1980s. Occurred since then, numerous meetings of international order, whose agenda was climate change, in which possible solutions were discussed to avoid or at least reduce the emission of greenhouse gases The meeting in Kyoto, Japan 1997, perhaps the most important of these meetings, it was the scene of the creation of the Kyoto Protocol, which establishes the need to reduce the emission of Greenhouse-Gases (GHGs) not controlled by the Montreal Protocol by 5.2% by developed countries, considered large emitters of greenhouse gases and related as constituent parts of Annex I of the Protocol, until the period 2008 to 2012, based on the emissions of 1990.

Kyoto Protocol

To combat this doomsday scenario, there was a reference point, the Kyoto Protocol, the protocol is an international treaty with more stringent commitments for reducing emissions of gases causing the greenhouse effect, considered, according to most scientific investigations as the cause of global warming.

The Kyoto Protocol is the result of a series of events beginning with the Toronto Conference on the Changing Atmosphere, Canada (October 1998), followed by the IPCC's First Assessment Report in Sundsvall, Sweden (August 1990), and culminated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Rio'92, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 1992). It also reinforces sections of the UNFCCC.

Discussed and negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, was opened for signature on March 16, 1998 and ratified on March 15, 1999. Officially entered into force on 16 February 2005, after Russia ratified it in November 2004.

"The objectives of the Protocol are the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and their increased uptake by natural sinks, promoting specific goals and deadlines for the shares. Flexibilizadoras and binding measures act in the double sense of pressing the goals and encourage a practical and cheap way of reach them. " (Calsing)

Experts in climate and environment expect the success of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce global temperature between 1.5 and 5.8 ° C by the end of the century. Thus, humans can avoid climate catastrophes of high intensity that are planned for the future.